Journal Archive

International Journal of Martial Arts - Vol. 7
[Paper List] [Go to Volume List]

[ Article ]
International Journal of Martial Arts - Vol. 7, pp. 10-19
Abbreviation: injoma
ISSN: 2287-8599 (Online)
Online publication date 25 Mar 2021
Received 27 Aug 2020 Accepted 20 Feb 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51222/injoma.2021.03.7.10

Should the State of Israel pursue Krav Maga as an intangible cultural heritage of the Jewish people? History and politics say yes.
Guy Mora ; Andrea Molleb
aPh.D., Israeli College of Sport (guy@ics.org.il)
bAssistant Professor of Political Science and Research Associate, Institute for the Study of Religion, Economics and Society (molle@chapman.edu)

Abstract

Krav Maga (‘contact combat’) is an Israeli combat discipline arguably one of the many intangible cultural heritages of Israel and the Jewish people. It has played a unique role in the (re)creation and preservation of the Jewish identity and the formation of the state of Israel.

Recently we observe a growing academic literature debating the role of martial arts in international affairs and domestic political processes. It is the scope of this paper to contribute to this proposing a framework for understanding Krav-Maga as a means of cultural diplomacy as seen in other nations.

Keywords: Krav-Maga, cultural diplomacy, martial arts, self-defense
References
1. About Krav Maga. (2020). Krav Maga Global. Retrieved from https://kravmagaglobal.com.cn/about-imi.
2. Anderson, B. (2006). Imagined communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Verso books. "Anti-Semitism". Oxford Dictionaries - English. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
3. Aslanidis, P. (2016). Is Populism an ideology? A Refutation and a New Perspective. Political Studies, 64(1_suppl), 88-104.
4. Bar-Maoz, D. (2012). From Colony to a City, Story of the City of Rehovot, Israel. S.H.R. p. 34.
5. Bar-On Cohen, E. (2010). Globalization of the war on violence: Israeli close-combat,Krav-Maga and sudden alterations in intensity. Social Anthropology, 18(3), C2010 European Association of Social Anthropologists. 267–288.
6. Ben-Dov, D. (2015). Military Krav-Maga Concepts and Operation. IDF Magazine, Volume B. p. 129-130.
7. Bowman, P. (2015). Martial arts studies: Disrupting disciplinary boundaries. Rowman and Littlefield International.
8. Channon, A., & Jennings, G. (2014). Exploring embodiment through martial arts and combat sports: A review of empirical research. Sport in Society, 17(6), 773-789.
9. Cohen-Gil, M. (2013). The Israelis Who Wished to Cure the World. Keter Publication: Jerusalem. p. 34-35.
10. Farrer, D. S., & Whalen-Bridge, J. (Eds.). (2011). Martial arts as Embodied Knowledge: Asian Traditions in a Transnational World. Suny Press.
11. Feldenkrais, M. (2013). Thinking and Doing. Genesis II Publishing Inc. pp. 185, 473, 492.
12. Foxall, A. (2013). Photographing Vladimir Putin: Masculinity, Nationalism and Visuality in Russian Political Culture. Geopolitics, 18(1), 132, 156.
13. Galili, Y. & Koufman, H. (2009). Sport Zionist Ideology and the State of Israel. Social Issues in Israel. pp. 8, 10-31.
14. Golden, J. (2004). Ancient Canaan And Israel. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
15. Green, T. A., & Svinth, J. R. (Eds.). (2003). Martial arts in the Modern World (pp. 61-70). London: Praeger.
16. Griffith, L. M. (2016). In Search of Legitimacy: How Outsiders Become Part of the Afro-Brazilian Capoeira Tradition (Vol. 7). Berghahn Books.
17. Gross, N. (2010) Kapap—From the Field to the Battlefield. Mevashlim Sfarim Publication. p. 60-67
18. Gross, N. and Nativ, M. (2016) Krav-Maga Development. In: Lidor, R. and Sharvit, N., Eds., Military Fitness Alignment , Seven Decades , I.D.F Publication. p. 29-34.
19. Hagana Organization Official Website. (2020). Available at: <http://www.hahagana.org.il/show_item.asp?levelId=59855&itemId=48480&itemType=3>
20. Hasel, Michael G. (1998). Domination and Resistance: Egyptian Military Activity in the Southern Levant, 1300–1185 BC. Brill. ISBN 978-9004109841.
21. Heilprin, J. (1961). Sefer Seder Ha-Dorot. Yerushalayim: Hotsaʼat Leṿin-Epshṭayn.
22. History & Overview Of The Maccabees. [online] Available at: https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/history-and-overview-of-the-maccabees Retrieved 2019-12-29.
23. I.D.F. Archives. (1949) 1034.38 p. 4, 6, 24, 27, 47, 63, 64, 123)1949.1034.58 (p. 6, 18, 24, 27, 80-83,149,161,207,227-233)1954.254.47
24. IKMF. (2020). Retrieved from https://kravmaga-ikmf.com.
25. Imi Lichtenfeld. (2020). Krav Maga Perth. Retrieved from https://www.kmperth.com.au/imi-lichtenfeld.html.
26. Imi Lichtenfeld. (2020). Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imi_Lichtenfeld
27. Israeli Gracie Jiu-Jitsu Black Belt's Opinion on Krav Maga as a Self Defense System. (2020) Bjj Eastern Europe.Retrieved from https://www.bjjee.com/articles/israeli-gracie-jiu-jitsu-black-belts-opinion-on-krav-maga-as-a-self-defense-system/
28. Jabotinsky, Z. Ministry of Education. (2010). Ministry of Education Department for Israeli Culture and Heritage, Jerusalem, Available at: http://meyda.education.gov.il/files/noar/zbotinski_cv.pdf
29. Jaquet, D., & Sørensen, C. F. (2015). Historical European Martial Art a Crossroad Between Academic Research, Martial Heritage Re-Creation and Martial Sport Practices. Acta Periodica Duellatorum, 3(1), 5-35.
30. Josephus, F. (1974). Flavius Josephus: Selections From His Works. New York: Viking Press.
31. Judges 16:17, Holy Bible
32. Judkins, B. N., & Nielson, J. (2015). The Creation of Wing Chun: A Social History of the Southern Chinese Martial Arts. SUNY Press.
33. Judo Shimushi, Courtesy of Zvi Nishri archive at Wingate Institute.
34. Kaufman, H. (1996). The National Ideas of the Term Muscle Judaism. Movement: Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences. pp. 3, 261-282.
35. Kofler, G 1941 Sport Magen Training Manuals. Zvi Nishri Archive at Wingate Institute, AD1.9/0133.
36. Krav Maga Locations. (2020). KMG Location. Retrieved from https://krav-maga.com/kmg-locations.
37. Lictenstein, Y. (2007). The Book of Krav-Maga: The Bible. Rio de Janeiro. p. 437
38. Mor, G. & Moriya, A. (2016). Krav-Maga, Teaching with Doubt. A.R. p. 15.
39. Mor, G. (2019). History and Singularity of Krav-Maga. The International Journal of History and Sport 35:15-16, 1622-1636
40. Neuner, F. G., & Wratil, C. (2020). The Populist Marketplace: Unpacking the Role of “Thin” and “Thick” Ideology. Political Behavior, 1-24.
41. Nevo, Y. (1979). The Arabs of Israel and the White Paper of 1939. Katedra Journal. 12, 148-163.
42. Moshe Yeger Comments on Israel Forign Service, The Ariel Center for Policy research
43. Pinsker, J.L. (1951). Auto-Emancipation. Zionist Union Publication.
44. Pogroms in Russia in the late 19th century. (2005). The Jewish Agency of Israel. Retrieved from http://archive.jewishagency.org/he/demography/content/22241
45. Rejev, N. (2016). Pinchas: And Go With That Eating Power. Retrieved from http://www.natiregev.com/Page1-146.html
46. Rollston, C A. (2010). Writing and Literacy in the World of Ancient Israel: Epigraphic Evidence from the Iron Age. Society of Biblical Literature. ISBN 9781589831070.
47. Rosner, F. (2002). "The Life of Moses Maimonides, a Prominent Medieval Physician" (PDF). Einstein Quart J Biol Med. 19 (3). p. 127.
48. Shapira, A. (2012) Israel: A History 1881-2000. Zalman Shazar Center Publication, Jerusalem. p. 15-17, 22-31, 42, 58-60, 74-78.
49. The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2020). MFA. Retrieved from https://mfa.gov.il/MFA/AboutTheMinistry/Pages/default.aspx.
50. Tuckett, J. (2016). Kendo: Between Religion and Nationalism. Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 44, 178-204.
51. Yakova M. and Lavi S. (2004). Journals of the Third Wave of Imigration. Katedra Journal. pp. 113, 144.
52. Yosef, O. (2000). Pirkei Avot. Maor Israel: Patriarchs Branch Tree. pp. 45. 1984. The Second Wave of Immigration 1903-1914. The Center for Technological Education. https://lib.cet.ac.il/Pages/item.asp?item=12916
 

The International Journal of Martial Arts

#409-1 Department of Physical Education, 1732 Deokyoung-daero. Giheung-gu. Yongin-si. Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. Posial Code: 17104
E-mail : martialarts@injoma.com

Copyright@2013 International Society of Martial Arts. All rights reserved.