Current Issue

International Journal of Martial Arts - Vol. 9
[Paper List]

[ Article ]
International Journal of Martial Arts - Vol. 7, pp. 65-78
Abbreviation: injoma
ISSN: 2287-8599 (Online)
Online publication date 05 Nov 2021
Received 31 May 2021 Accepted 26 Oct 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51222/injoma.2021.03.7.65

Shoulder muscles and joints loads variation during the Taekwondo punch (Jirugi): Musculoskeletal modeling
Hamidreza Barnameheia ; Farhad Tabatabai Ghomshehb
aGene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6515, USA
aDepartment of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
a,bDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
bDepartment of Ergonomics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Correspondence to : a Address: 1630 NE Valley Rd. Apt Q 102, pullman, WA, 99163, USA Email of corresponding author: h.barnamehei@wsu.edu

Abstract

Taekwondo punch (Jirugi) is a basic technique that includes various aspects of motion. The objectives of the current study were to simulate the Jirugi by a musculoskeletal model in order to examine the kinematics variables, joints, and muscle forces. The EMG cannot record deep muscle activation during the Jirugi. 20 elite taekwondo black belt players participated in this study. Marker trajectories of bony land markers were recorded via 10 high-speed motion captures during the Jirugi. The shoulder musculoskeletal model was used to simulation the Jirugi motion. The musculoskeletal model consists of 5 segments, 10 degrees of freedom, and 26 muscle-tendon units. The Inverse kinematic tools were utilized to estimate the kinematics variables of the Jirugi. In order to calculate the muscle forces, the statics optimization method was used. Finally, joint reaction analysis via the equation of motion was examined. Results indicated peak elbow and shoulder angular velocities were happened before contact, although results indicated rotation angular velocity was higher than extension-flexion angular velocity. All muscle forces and joint reaction forces represented higher forces before contact. Based on our results, peak angular velocity of the punch observed in the longitudinal axis (arm and forearm rotation), while peak angular velocity of the elbow was higher than the shoulder, suggesting angular velocity transfer from proximal to distal segments. The results of this study are useful for athletes, coaches, and sports medicine to increase skill level and injury prevention.

Keywords: musculoskeletal model, simulation, shoulder, muscle force, joint force, taekwondo
References
1. Anon. 2017. “Orientation of Taekwondo Education as a Cultivation of Human Nature for 21 St Century.” 3:1–14.
2. Barnamehei, H., M. Alimadad, S. Alizadeh, S. Z. Mofrad, and F. Bagheri. 2018. “Electromyographic Activity of Selective Lower Extremity Muscles Comparison between Ankle-Foot Orthosis and Barefoot Gait.” in 2018 25th Iranian Conference on Biomedical Engineering and 2018 3rd International Iranian Conference on Biomedical Engineering, ICBME 2018.
3. Barnamehei, H., F. T. Ghomsheh, A. S. Cherati, and M. Pouladian. 2018. “Upper Limb Neuromuscular Activities and Synergies Comparison between Elite and Nonelite Athletics in Badminton Overhead Forehand Smash.” Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2018.
4. Barnamehei, H., M. Razaghi, S. Panahi, M. Modabberibejandi, M. Lashgari, M. A. Safaei, and A. Rezaei. 2018. “Identification and Quantification of Modular Control during Roundhouse Kick Executed by Elite Taekwondo Players.” in 2018 25th Iranian Conference on Biomedical Engineering and 2018 3rd International Iranian Conference on Biomedical Engineering, ICBME 2018.
5. Barnamehei, Hamidreza. 2018. “Archive of SID Neuromuscular and Motor Control Relationships Analyses of a Taekwondo Jirugi.” (July).
6. Barnamehei, Hamidreza, Farhad Tabatabai Ghomsheh, Afsaneh Safar Cherati, Majid Pouladian, Arghavan Aminishahsavarani, and Neda Golfeshan. 2022a. “Comparison Between Methods to Create the Leg Length Discrepancy (LLD) Patient-Specific Model: Musculoskeletal Modeling BT - Converging Clinical and Engineering Research on Neurorehabilitation IV.” Pp. 65–69 in, edited by D. Torricelli, M. Akay, and J. L. Pons. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
7. Barnamehei, Hamidreza, Farhad Tabatabai Ghomsheh, Afsaneh Safar Cherati, Majid Pouladian, Arghavan Aminishahsavarani, and Neda Golfeshan. 2022b. “Shoulder Kinematics and Kinetics Comparison Between Amateur and Professional Athletics During High-Speed Overhead Tasks: Computer Simulation Study BT - Converging Clinical and Engineering Research on Neurorehabilitation IV.” Pp. 71–75 in, edited by D. Torricelli, M. Akay, and J. L. Pons. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
8. Barnamehei, Hamidreza, Faezeh Khazaee, Mohammad Ali Safaei, Hadi Jabari, Neda Golfeshan, Mohammad Barnamehei, Ali Rezaei, Mohammad Reza Kharazi, and Nader Naghavi. 2020. “Motor Learning and Training Strategy Effect on Motor Control; Comparison between Taekwondo and Karate Front Kick (Ap Chagi and Mae Geri).” International Journal of Martial Arts 6:48–65.
9. Barnamehei, Hamidreza, and Mohammad Ali Safaei. 2017a. “Dimensionless Parameters Based on Motion and Experimental Validation of the Elite and Non-Elite Athletes and in Two Groups of Healthy and Injured in Taekwondo Players TT - Dimensionless Parameters Based on Motion and Experimental Validation of the Elite .” International Symposium for Taekwondo Studies 2017(0):220–21.
10. Barnamehei, Hamidreza, and Mohammad Ali Safaei. 2017b. “Kinematic Comparison of Two Common Different Guards in the Taekwondo Roundhouse Kick TT - Kinematic Comparison of Two Common Different Guards in the Taekwondo Roundhouse Kick.” International Symposium for Taekwondo Studies 2017(0):122–23.
11. Barnamehei, Hamidreza, and Mohammad Ali Safaei. 2017c. “Peak Kinetics and Kinematics Values of Roundhouse Kick in Elite Taekwondo Players TT - Peak Kinetics and Kinematics Values of Roundhouse Kick in Elite Taekwondo Players.” International Symposium for Taekwondo Studies 2017(0):222–23.
12. Barnamehei, Hamidreza, and Mohammad Ali Safaei. 2017d. “Taekwondo Roundhouse Kick’s Variability and Coordination of the Continuous Relative Phase in Elite Taekwondo Athletes TT - Taekwondo Roundhouse Kick’s Variability and Coordination of the Continuous Relative Phase in Elite Taekwondo Athletes.” International Symposium for Taekwondo Studies 2017(0):128–29.
13. Barnamehei, Hamidreza, Farhad Tabatabai Ghomsheh, Afsaneh Safar Cherati, and Majid Pouladian. 2021. “Kinematic Models Evaluation of Shoulder Complex during the Badminton Overhead Forehand Smash Task in Various Speed.” Informatics in Medicine Unlocked 100697.
14. Barnamei, H. R., and M. R. Kharazi. 2015. “Roundhouse Kick’s TEAKWONDO Variability in Kinematic Coupling Assessed by Continuous Relative Phase and Vector Coding.” Pp. 369–74 in 2015 22nd Iranian Conference on Biomedical Engineering (ICBME).
15. Le Bozec, S., B. Maton, and J. C. Cnockaert. 1980. “The Synergy of Elbow Extensor Muscles during Dynamic Work in Man.” European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 44(3):255–69.
16. Courtonne, Christian. 1996. Physique et Karaté: Le Secret de La Puissance. Chiron.
17. Delp, Scott L., Frank C. Anderson, Allison S. Arnold, Peter Loan, Ayman Habib, Chand T. John, Eran Guendelman, and Darryl G. Thelen. 2007. “OpenSim: Open-Source Software to Create and Analyze Dynamic Simulations of Movement.” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 54(11):1940–50.
18. Desmedt, John E., and Emile Godaux. 1979. “Voluntary Motor Commands in Human Ballistic Movements.” Annals of Neurology: Official Journal of the American Neurological Association and the Child Neurology Society 5(5):415–21.
19. Fife, Gabriel P., David M. O’sullivan, and Sae Yong Lee. 2018. “Rotational and Linear Head Accelerations from Taekwondo Kicks and Punches.” Journal of Sports Sciences 36(13):1461–64.
20. Van Gheluwe, B., and M. Hebbelinck. 1985. “The Kinematics of the Service Movement in Tennis: A Three-Dimensional Cinematographical Approach.” Biomechanics IX-B 521–26.
21. Hallett, MARK, BHAGWAN T. Shahani, and ROBERT R. Young. 1975. “EMG Analysis of Stereotyped Voluntary Movements in Man.” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 38(12):1154–62.
22. Hirashima, Masaya, Hiroshi Kadota, Shizuka Sakurai, Katzutoshi Kudo, and Tatsuyuki Ohtsuki. 2002. “Sequential Muscle Activity and Its Functional Role in the Upper Extremity and Trunk during Overarm Throwing.” Journal of Sports Sciences 20(4):301–10.
23. Hobart, D. J., J. R. Vorro, and C. O. Dotson. 1978. “Synchronized Myoelectric and Cinematographic Analysis of Skill Acquisition.” J Human Mov Stud 4:155–66.
24. Jaegers, SMHJ, R. F. Peterson, R. Dantuma, B. Hillen, R. Geuze, and J. Schellekens. 1989. “Kinesiologic Aspects of Motor Learning in Dart Throwing.” Journal of Human Movement Studies 16(4):161–71.
25. Khandare, Sujata, Richard A. Arce, and Meghan E. Vidt. 2019. “Muscle Compensation Strategies to Maintain Glenohumeral Joint Stability with Increased Rotator Cuff Tear Severity: A Simulation Study.” Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology.
26. Kian, Azadeh, Claudio Pizzolato, Mark Halaki, Karen Ginn, David Lloyd, Darren Reed, and David Ackland. 2019. “Static Optimization Underestimates Antagonist Muscle Activity at the Glenohumeral Joint: A Musculoskeletal Modeling Study.” Journal of Biomechanics 97:109348.
27. Link, Norman, and Lily Chou. 2011. The Anatomy of Martial Arts: An Illustrated Guide to the Muscles Used in Key Kicks, Strikes & Throws. Ulysses Press.
28. Lu, T. W., and J. J. O’Connor. 1999. “Bone Position Estimation from Skin Marker Co-Ordinates Using Global Optimisation with Joint Constraints.” Journal of Biomechanics 32(2):129–34.
29. Mortensen, Jonathan D., Anita N. Vasavada, and Andrew S. Merryweather. 2020. “Sensitivity Analysis of Muscle Properties and Impact Parameters on Head Injury Risk in American Football.” Journal of Biomechanics 100:109411.
30. Nakayama, Masatoshi. 1976. Dynamic Karate. Ward Lock limited London.
31. Neto, O. Pinto, and Marcio Magini. 2008. “Electromiographic and Kinematic Characteristics of Kung Fu Yau-Man Palm Strike.” Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 18(6):1047–52.
32. Pezarat-Correia, P., P. Santos, A. Veloso, and J. Cabri. 2001. “Differences in the Agonist/Antagonist EMG Pattern during a Throwing Task Performed by Experimented Dart Throwers and Untrained Subjects.” Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 33(5):S216.
33. Piazza, Stephen J. 2006. “Muscle-Driven Forward Dynamic Simulations for the Study of Normal and Pathological Gait.” Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 3(1):5.
34. Putnam, Carol A. 1993. “Sequential Motions of Body Segments in Striking and Throwing Skills: Descriptions and Explanations.” Journal of Biomechanics 26:125–35.
35. Sanes, J. N., and V. A. Jennings. 1984. “Centrally Programmed Patterns of Muscle Activity in Voluntary Motor Behavior of Humans.” Experimental Brain Research 54(1):23–32.
36. Schellenberg, Florian, William R. Taylor, Ilse Jonkers, and Silvio Lorenzetti. 2017. “Robustness of Kinematic Weighting and Scaling Concepts for Musculoskeletal Simulation.” Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 20(7):720–29.
37. Thelen, Darryl G., Frank C. Anderson, and Scott L. Delp. 2003. “Generating Dynamic Simulations of Movement Using Computed Muscle Control.” Journal of Biomechanics 36(3):321–28.
38. VencesBrito, António M., Mário A. Rodrigues Ferreira, Nelson Cortes, Orlando Fernandes, and Pedro Pezarat-Correia. 2011. “Kinematic and Electromyographic Analyses of a Karate Punch.” Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 21(6):1023–29.
39. Vidt, Meghan E., Anthony C. Santago, Anthony P. Marsh, Eric J. Hegedus, Christopher J. Tuohy, Gary G. Poehling, Michael T. Freehill, Michael E. Miller, and Katherine R. Saul. 2018. “Modeling a Rotator Cuff Tear: Individualized Shoulder Muscle Forces Influence Glenohumeral Joint Contact Force Predictions.” Clinical Biomechanics 60:20–29.
40. Wadman, Wytse J., J. J. Denier Van der Gon, Reint H. Geuze, and C. R. Mol. 1979. “Control of Fast Goal-Directed Arm Movements.” Journal of Human Movement Studies 5(1):3–17.
41. Wu, Wen, Peter V. S. Lee, Adam L. Bryant, Mary Galea, and David C. Ackland. 2016. “Subject-Specific Musculoskeletal Modeling in the Evaluation of Shoulder Muscle and Joint Function.” Journal of Biomechanics 49(15):3626–34.
 

The International Journal of Martial Arts

#409-1 Department of Physical Education, 1732 Deokyoung-daero. Giheung-gu. Yongin-si. Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. Posial Code: 17104
E-mail : martialarts@injoma.com

Copyright@2013 International Society of Martial Arts. All rights reserved.