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국제무예학회 학술지영문홈페이지
[ Article ]
International Journal of Martial Arts - Vol. 9, No. 0, pp.27-49
ISSN: 2287-8599 (Online)
Print publication date 01 Mar 2024
Received 15 Apr 2024 Revised 12 Jun 2024 Accepted 01 Aug 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51222/injoma.2024.03.9.27

An evidence-based injury prevention warm-up in grappling sports

Jon Bell MRes1 ; Mark I. Johnson, PhD2, * ; Kenzie Friesen, PhD3 ; Falahati, Saam, MD, MBChB4 ; Jones, Ashley, PhD1
1Musculoskeletal Health Research Group, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, U.K.
2Centre for Pain Research, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, U.K.
3Sports Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
4School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K.

Correspondence to: Mr Jon Bell School of Health, Leeds Beckett University City Campus, Leeds LS1 3HE, United Kingdom e-mail: J.J.Bell@leedsbeckett.ac.uk

Abstract

Grappling sports, such as freestyle, catch, and greco-roman wrestling, have featured in the Olympic Games for over 100 years. However, no published injury-prevention warm-up (IPW) has been shown to lower injury incident rates within the three sports. Other grappling sports, such as Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ), sambo, and traditional jiu-jitsu, also currently have no established IPW available. The aim of this review is to appraise the injury prevention practices and injury trends in grappling sports and use the findings to design an IPW that could be implemented across grappling sports. The Team-Sport Injury Prevention (TIP) cycle was used as a guideline to establish epidemiology, aetiology, and risk factors within each grappling sport. We found that the knee is the most injured site in freestyle wrestling, BJJ, sambo and traditional jiu-jitsu and the leading time loss injury in judo. Ligament strains were reported as the leading injury type in freestyle wrestling, BJJ and judo and second in traditional jiu-jitsu. In greco-roman wrestling and Judo competitions, the grappling sports that do not allow leg attacks, such as the head, neck, and trunk, are the leading injury sites. Assessing the barriers and facilitators of previous IPW, a deficiency of coach knowledge, lack of time, costs, scheduling, and equipment are the main obstacles to coach and athlete compliance. A knowledge group consisting of the authorship team, external medical practitioners, and coaches used the results of the TIP cycle to design an evidence-based IPW. Exercises with research confirming their effectiveness in lowering knee, shoulder and head injuries were selected. Where possible, the exercises selected were currently used in grappling warm-ups or strength and conditioning programmes. Future intervention studies are now needed to evaluate the efficacy of the IPW amongst grappling athletes.

Keywords:

Grappling, Injury prevention, warm up, Wrestling, Brazilian jiu jitsu

Acknowledgments

Jon Bell and the authorship team would like to acknowledge the following people for their support in devising the IPW: Matt Duke, Chris John, Dr Chris Kirk, Rush Postlethwaite, Mick Sudron, Les Allen, Lana Campbell, Barry Gibson, Amin Nazer, Kerion Stuart, Dan Williams, Max Foster, Dustin Hone and Steven Coupland.

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